{"id":22322,"date":"2023-10-20T13:32:17","date_gmt":"2023-10-20T11:32:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fibgar.es\/primera-observacion-general-sobre-desapariciones-forzadas-en-el-contexto-de-la-migracion-un-paso-relevante-en-la-proteccion-de-los-derechos-humanos-de-los-migrantes\/"},"modified":"2024-04-08T13:22:38","modified_gmt":"2024-04-08T11:22:38","slug":"primera-observacion-general-sobre-desapariciones-forzadas-en-el-contexto-de-la-migracion-un-paso-relevante-en-la-proteccion-de-los-derechos-humanos-de-los-migrantes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fibgar.es\/en\/primera-observacion-general-sobre-desapariciones-forzadas-en-el-contexto-de-la-migracion-un-paso-relevante-en-la-proteccion-de-los-derechos-humanos-de-los-migrantes\/","title":{"rendered":"First General Comment on enforced disappearances in the context of migration: a relevant step in the protection of migrants&#8217; human rights\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c51405f9e5d44df505f34c32d7710451 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#4a4a4a\">Within the framework of the 25th session of the Committee on Enforced Disappearances, the <a href=\"https:\/\/hchr.org.mx\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/INT_CED_INF_25_35961_E.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>first General Comment on enforced disappearances of persons during migration processes<\/strong><\/a> was adopted and launched, which analyzes the importance of States in protecting the human rights of migrants, especially those in a situation of special vulnerability.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4740247c5ef60f161d9a9ccee1385bfc wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#4a4a4a\">The <strong>chairman of the Committee<\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/es\/statements-and-speeches\/2023\/09\/many-migrants-may-be-victims-enforced-disappearance-turk-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Oliver de Frouville<\/strong><\/a>, warned that &#8220;Rigid migration policies involving refoulement, expulsions and detention increase the risks of enforced disappearances. Specific measures need to be taken to address the phenomenon.&#8221;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ec99a1bf7a3250a6acc200eb58546ba5 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#4a4a4a\">For this reason, the <strong>General Comment is an important step<\/strong> for States in all regions of the world to adopt measures to protect the human rights of migrants, prevent enforced disappearances and combat impunity.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2a923518fc13a6235bfa8b4992765240 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#4a4a4a\">With regard to the content of the GC, it is important to highlight that it <strong>defines the term &#8220;migrant&#8221;<\/strong> as &#8220;a person who moves away from his or her place of habitual residence, either within a country or across an international border, temporarily or permanently, and for various reasons&#8221;, and that, <strong>with respect to the context or reason for the move<\/strong>, it notes the existence of various situations such as family reunification, national or international armed conflicts, persecution, discrimination, natural disasters, environmental degradation, effects of climate change, difficult economic situations or high crime rates.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3ac7be958c91d24b18394402b0ed561b wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#4a4a4a\">In turn, it emphasizes that States, to <strong>comply with their obligations under the <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/acnudh.org\/convencion-internacional-para-la-proteccion-de-todas-las-personas-contra-las-desapariciones-forzadas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Convention against Enforced Disappearances<\/strong><\/a>, must manage their borders and regulate immigration with full <strong>respect for and protection of the human rights of migrants<\/strong>, especially those who are in a particularly vulnerable situation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-20185a11ecdd57b5645518318dffa884 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#4a4a4a\">The GC emphasizes that <strong>the issue of discrimination is of particular concern,<\/strong> as it is a factor that increases the situation of vulnerability and contributes to the forced disappearance of migrants. It also expressly states that <strong>the principle of &#8220;non-discrimination&#8221;<\/strong> is fundamental to international human rights instruments and is considered a <strong>norm of <\/strong><strong><em>ius cogens<\/em><\/strong> that must be always respected.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2d3f8de247c033f7479815f87a8e69bc wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#4a4a4a\">The GC then develops four preventive mechanisms addressed to States to avoid the forced disappearance of migrants:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7eed8c7a7ade58568a6ca96a9b168ef4 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#4a4a4a\">Firstly, it establishes <strong>the prohibition of secret detention of migrants<\/strong>, which includes the obligation to ensure communication with family members, consular authorities or legal representatives.&nbsp; It also provides for the obligation to inform the detained person of his or her rights in an understandable language and the possibility of appealing to a court of law, as well as ensuring immediate contact with national and international refugee agencies.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-00f243f1b8149c17e0316a62162c6305 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#4a4a4a\">Secondly, <strong>it is recommended that States collect reliable data<\/strong>, not only on missing migrants, but also on persons crossing borders irregularly. These statistics are crucial for understanding the magnitude of the problem of missing migrants and, in turn, contribute to the design of prevention, search, investigation and sanction policies.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-65e9d7ae582d07f706a70351c8b4ba8a wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#4a4a4a\">In addition, given the cross-border nature of this phenomenon,<strong> cooperation among States is essential<\/strong> to develop joint databases and comprehensive migration policies to identify possible patterns in the disappearance of migrants.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-fa1a6509489ff3954e88e7854ea9d1c1 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#4a4a4a\">Third, it recommends <strong>avoiding policies that criminalize migrants<\/strong> and, in turn, suggests promoting access to regular and safe migration to prevent migrants from becoming victims of human rights violations, including disappearances.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-271f5430ea3a63664bfa766b33d092c6 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#4a4a4a\">Finally, <strong>it is recommended that States avoid refoulement or expulsion of migrants<\/strong>, especially collective ones, as they prevent an individual assessment of their human rights protection needs, place them outside the law, and consequently deepen their vulnerability.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-635df4ffc36045f8e478ffa73ac81a0b wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#4a4a4a\">In this regard, t<strong>he Committee considered that returns involving the deprivation of liberty of migrants and the concealment of their fate or whereabouts amount to enforced disappearance <\/strong>within the meaning of Article 2 of the Convention and may also constitute a violation of Articles 17 and 18, which prohibit secret detention.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-63e66659167b713db15b0dcb3465a0fc wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#4a4a4a\">On the other hand, with respect to <strong>investigations and searches for missing persons in migratory contexts<\/strong>, the GC expressly establishes that, in addition to adopting the Committee&#8217;s Guiding Principles, States have the obligation to take into account the particular situation of vulnerability of migrants in order to facilitate the filing of complaints and ensure an effective investigation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c6a9e810d10552c6807c5fd27821f482 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#4a4a4a\">Finally,<strong> the rights of victims and their families in migratory contexts<\/strong> are listed, highlighting the duty to guarantee access to justice, reparation and guarantees of non-repetition.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d0f6529f4a5304162210e0d12c72fe43 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#4a4a4a\">In conclusion, the General Comment, on the one hand, <strong>makes visible the growing concern about the irregular and insecure conditions suffered by migrants<\/strong>, and warns how this situation increases the possibility of death or disappearance, but also <strong>provides tools for action,<\/strong> and specifies how the Convention should be implemented in cases of enforced disappearance of migrants.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5e07981aa117e80f9e781e4346683a40 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#4a4a4a\">The first step has been taken; it is now up to the <strong>States Parties to assume the commitment<\/strong> to urgently and proactively implement the recommendations of the GC, both at the national and international levels, to reduce the serious phenomenon of forced disappearances of migrants and thus comply with their obligations under the Convention.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e4c02499a8b9f09c978c895ed699d02d wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#4a4a4a\">Belen Ravarini, FIBGAR collaborator&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Within the framework of the 25th session of the Committee on Enforced Disappearances, the first General Comment on enforced disappearances of persons during migration processes was adopted and launched, which analyzes the importance of States in protecting the human rights of migrants, especially those in a situation of special vulnerability.&nbsp; The chairman of the Committee,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":22802,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[586],"tags":[591,703,620],"class_list":["post-22322","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-human-rights","tag-migracion-en","tag-migrantes-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>First General Comment on enforced disappearances in the context of migration: a relevant step in the protection of migrants&#039; human rights\u00a0 - FIBGAR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"En el marco del 25\u00b0 per\u00edodo de sesiones del Comit\u00e9 contra Desapariciones Forzadas, se adopt\u00f3 y lanz\u00f3 la primera Observaci\u00f3n General sobre las desapariciones forzadas 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